📘 Preface
(Original title: 본 글에 들어가기 전에)
Until now, Mingdaoqian (明刀錢) has been taught in Korean history textbooks as a currency from the Yan state of ancient China. Most books only show the front side of the coin. However, on the reverse side, a multitude of inscriptions are engraved. These inscriptions were defined as Chinese characters during the Japanese colonial period and continue to be listed as Yan characters in works such as the Compilation of Pre-Qin Coinage Characters (先秦貨幣文字編).
Mr. Seong Sam-je of the Ministry of Education, through his book The Lost History of Gojoseon, raised doubts about the territorial extent of Gojoseon and the national origin of Mingdaoqian. Upon conducting research, I found that these inscriptions were not Chinese characters, but instead the script of Dangun Joseon—an early Korean kingdom—and furthermore, that they correspond to the Garimto script described in the Hwandangogi.
The Garimto issue remains one of the most controversial topics in Korean historical and linguistic academia, often cited as a core reason for branding the Hwandangogi a forgery. Until now, there was no direct physical evidence to prove the existence of Garimto, making it a point of contention.
So why are these characters on the Mingdaoqian actually the script of Dangun Joseon? Let’s examine this step by step:
(Original title: 본 글에 들어가기 전에)
Until now, Mingdaoqian (明刀錢) has been taught in Korean history textbooks as a currency from the Yan state of ancient China. Most books only show the front side of the coin. However, on the reverse side, a multitude of inscriptions are engraved. These inscriptions were defined as Chinese characters during the Japanese colonial period and continue to be listed as Yan characters in works such as the Compilation of Pre-Qin Coinage Characters (先秦貨幣文字編).
Mr. Seong Sam-je of the Ministry of Education, through his book The Lost History of Gojoseon, raised doubts about the territorial extent of Gojoseon and the national origin of Mingdaoqian. Upon conducting research, I found that these inscriptions were not Chinese characters, but instead the script of Dangun Joseon—an early Korean kingdom—and furthermore, that they correspond to the Garimto script described in the Hwandangogi.
The Garimto issue remains one of the most controversial topics in Korean historical and linguistic academia, often cited as a core reason for branding the Hwandangogi a forgery. Until now, there was no direct physical evidence to prove the existence of Garimto, making it a point of contention.
So why are these characters on the Mingdaoqian actually the script of Dangun Joseon? Let’s examine this step by step:
Form and Structure
These characters are not pictographic Chinese characters, but resemble Hangul consonants and vowels. Scholars familiar with Chinese paleography can read most ancient Yan characters. However, none can decipher the inscriptions on Mingdaoqian. Even in the Dictionary of Warring States Characters, only a tiny fraction of these characters coincides with those of Yan, and even then, only superficially.
Interpretation
Chinese scholars’ interpretations are largely speculative and unconvincing. However, when applying the principles of "pictographic Hangul"—a proposed theory that Hangul evolved from symbolic imagery—most of the characters become readable. Using this approach, I was able to fully interpret over 300 words and partially interpret another 100 to 200.
Evidence from the Hunminjeongeum Haerye
Many of the characters on Mingdaoqian appear in the Hunminjeongeum Haerye, a 15th-century Korean document explaining Hangul. The Haerye includes many terms no longer used in modern Korean, such as “biyuk” for chick, “reoul” for otter, and “ukae” for unthreshed rice. These show that King Sejong and his scholars had access to and interpreted such characters.
Systematic Correspondence with Hangul
Just as Hangul consonants correlate phonetically and visually (e.g., ㄱ corresponds to the [k] sound and has a hook-like shape), the Mingdaoqian characters also align:
[ㄱ] correlates with words like "gal" (knife), "gamul" (drought), and "geu" (he/she).
[ㄷ] correlates with "dal" (moon), "dwaeji" (pig), and "dok" (pot).
[ㅅ] appears in "sam" (island), "saram" (person), and "sol" (pine).
[ㅎ], [ㅁ], and others follow similar rules.
Grammatical Particles
Some characters appear to function as Korean subject, object, and locative particles.
Honorifics
Honorific expressions unique to Korean also appear among the characters.
Modern Hangul Equivalents
Some characters are virtually identical to current Hangul letters for words like “soil,” “copper,” “two,” and “he.”
Earlier Predecessors
Even older artifacts like the Chimsudo (針首刀) and Cheomsudo (尖首刀), which predate Mingdaoqian, contain sound-based pictographic scripts, which many Chinese scholars believe originated not from China but from northern tribes such as the Xiongnu or Beirong—implying reluctance to directly credit Gojoseon.
Therefore, the inscriptions on Mingdaoqian are not characters from the Yan state, but alphabetic elements of Dangun Joseon's script. This aligns with King Sejong’s statement that Hangul was a “newly created script,” and with the Hunminjeongeum Haerye’s claim that it was modeled after ancient scripts.
Moreover, the record in Han Chi-yun’s Haedong Yeoksa of a coin called Jamojun (子母錢)—which I interpret as meaning a coin with consonants and vowels (jamo)—suggests that Mingdaoqian should be renamed Joseon Coin (朝鮮錢) or Sun Coin (太陽錢), reflecting its true origin and script.
🙏 Acknowledgements
I offer deep gratitude:
To the ancestors of Gojoseon who created and passed down the Garimto script.
To King Sejong and the scholars of the Jiphyeonjeon who interpreted these letters.
To Han Chi-yun, who recorded the existence of consonant-vowel coins in Haedong Yeoksa.
To Mr. Lee Min-hwa, Director of the Eurasian Network, for his support.
To the Chinese scholar Zhang Bochuan for boldly asserting the Joseon origin of Mingdaoqian.
To researcher Park Seon-mi for publishing related papers.
To bloggers like “civil” and “aisu” who shared critical insights and encouragement.
To Mr. Jo Hong-geun of Yahoo Blog “Cheonsan” for his meticulous verification.
To Hangul scholar Shin Min-su, and many other academics and friends for their contributions.
Finally, heartfelt thanks to my family—for their patience and conversations that kept me going—and to the publishing team who made this book possible.
March 2011
The Author
🖋️ Foreword by the Reviewer
Min-Hwa Lee, Professor at KAIST, Chairman of Eurasian Network
My first encounter with Mr. Huh Dae-dong's work on Gojoseon script came through Twitter. During a small presentation at the Corporate Ombudsman Office, I realized that the characters on Mingdaoqian could not be Yan Chinese characters. If not from Yan, then they must be from Gojoseon. I considered this research vital to the Eurasian humanities studies I pursue and officially supported it.
Civilizations grow not by isolation, but by continuous exchange—like the Silk Road, whose main protagonists were the Mongolians. Just as today’s Korean people have the opportunity to combine smartphone innovation with our ancient cultural heritage, it is imperative that we also clarify the traces of our past.
The Gojoseon script project revives such faint cultural footprints and renders them into a legible and systematic script. The recent discovery of the Hongshan Culture, which predates the Yellow River civilization, shows signs of being a proto-Korean civilization despite claims from Chinese scholars.
If bronze daggers represent military resistance, then coins like Mingdaoqian symbolize economic exchange. This book provides critical evidence of such cultural sophistication.
The decoding of these ancient scripts opens a new frontier in Hangul research. It is no exaggeration to compare it to Champollion’s deciphering of the Rosetta Stone. I hope for expanded academic involvement going forward.
Readers will find in this book not only early forms of Hangul but also hybrid text-image expressions. With further study, we’ve even identified phonetic representations of Korean readings of Chinese characters on Mingdaoqian, and deciphered pre-Mingdaoqian scripts like those on the Chimsudo and Cheomsudo.
I look forward to vibrant scholarly debate surrounding these exciting discoveries.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
제가 직법 번역한 영어 번역본
고조선문자(경진출판사), 저자: 허대동, 영어 번역본
Gojoseon-letters(古朝鮮文字)
Until now, we learned that Meongdo-money(明刀錢) is the money of Yan(燕)-nation and can look at the front of the money mostly. However, many characters are enumerated on the back , the characters are defined as Chinese characters, until today, they are recorded as China's Yan(燕) characters in"seonjinhwapyemunjapyeon (先秦 货币 文字 编) ".
This letter was the letter of Ancient-Chosun(古朝鮮), and also Galimto(ancient-Hangeul) in Hwandan Gogi(桓檀古記/history book about ancient korean nations).
This Garimto problem is a sharp conflict of opinion on the controversy concerning a forged book. Until now, we do not prove garimto character directly , it became the main evidence of a forged book. So I'll observe the reason why the characters are Dangoon- Chosun characters on the so called myeongdojeon(明刀錢) one by one.
1. The shape of letters is not hieroglyphic characters but hangul alphabet.
The scholar who studies Chinese character a little can read Yen(燕)- character,
but all scholars can not read the letters on myeongdojeon(明刀錢). Jeongug-letters(战国 文字) have been examined in "Jeongug-letters-dictionary(战国 文字 字典)" as a-齐, b-燕, c-晋, d-楚, e-秦 , I observed b-燕 Yen-letters of fewer strokes and more strokes , but very few simple characters match with myeongdo(明刀money)-letters and can't confirm the majority of characters as 燕 Yen-letters.
2. If I make an observation of the analysis of the character ,the analysis of chinese scholars are distorting (牵强附会) ｅxpression , even many of the characters are not interpreted. But when I apply the principles of hieroglyphic-Hangul interpretation ,they can be interpreted except characters with high level of difficulty. Up to now, I can interpret over 300 words as the principles of hieroglyphic-Hangul interpretation fully and more than 100-200 words ambiguously.
3. 3. Examples of these characters are presented almost in Hunminjeongeum haeryebone(訓民正音解例本,the book about using Hanguel). For example, a few ｅxpressions that we can not understand with present Korean is carried in Hunminjeongeum haeryebone(訓民正音解例本). Chick is "biyug", the otter is "leoul", "miyongdo" (未 舂 稻: dry for pounding rice in a mortar )" called "wooke" , "inga" called "ia"( thick line to raise the warp of the loom, Jongsa (综 丝)) "etc. We can interpret them through it. It becomes evidence that King Sejong and jiphyeonjeon scholars interpreted these characters.
4. The obvious difference of Hanja(中國漢字) and Hangeul is the rule. Of course,
radical has the combination regularity, but Hangeul alphabets have the same shape ㄱ in a phonetic value[ㄱ], the same shape ㄷ in a phonetic value[ㄷ], the same shape ㅅ in a phonetic value[ㅅ], that is the shapes correspond to phonetic values.
① Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㄱ is equivalent to [ㄱ] in phonetic value, "Korean traditional hat [Gas, 갓], Magpie[Gachi,가치(까치)],wild goose[Geulyeog그력(기러기)] , pictures[Geulim,그림], raven[Gamagoe , 가마괴(가마귀)], seagull[Galmaegi,갈매기], character[Geul,글], knife[Gal,갈(칼)], reed[Gal,갈(갈대)], drought[Gamul, 가물], he(personal pronouns)[Geu,그], her (personal pronouns)[Geunyeo, 그녀], swing[Geunye, 그네], goose[Geowi,거위], river[Garam,가람(강)], copper[Guri,구리], etc. " [ㄱ]sound corresponds to "ㄱ" and "Γ" shapes.
② Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㄷ is equivalent to [ㄷ] in phonetic value,“the moon[dal, 달], garden[ddeul,뜰], mask[tal, 탈], rice cake[ddeog, 떡],
pig[dwaeji, 돼지], pottery[dog, 독], stone[dol, 돌], money[don, 돈], wall [dam, 담],
sweat[ddam, 땀], two[dul, 둘], legs[dali, 다리] etc." [ㄷ]sound corresponds to "ㄷ" and "C" shapes.
③ Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㅅ is equivalent to [ㅅ] in phonetic value,“island[seom, 섬(셤)], people[salam,사람], deer[saseum, 사슴], three[ses,셋],
spring[saem, 샘], pine [sol, 솔]etc." [ㅅ]sound corresponds to "ㅅ" shape.
④ Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㅎ is equivalent to [ㅎ] in phonetic value, “sun[hae, 해], hoe[homi,호미], soil[heulg, 흙], ox[hwangso, 황소], bow[hwal, 활],arrow[hwasal, 화살]etc." [ㅎ]sound corresponds to "ᅙ" shape.
⑤ Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character "૪" is equivalent to [ㅁ,m] in phonetic value, “pond[mos, 못], nail[mos,못(釘)],body[mom, 몸], head[meoli, 머리], water[mul,물], wave [mulgyeol, 물결], horse[mal, 말], etc.”
5. A few letters are almost the same as the current Hangul characters.
"ox[so,소], ball[gong, 공], soil[heulg, 흙], copper[guli, 구리], two[dul, 둘], he[geu, 그] are almost the same as ancient Josun-Letters.
Like this, the letters on myeongdo-money are not Yen(燕)-China letters but Hangeul alphabet, King Sejong said " Hunminjeongeum (Sejong-Hangeul) is a newly-created letter. " , Jeonginji, Sinsukju, Seongsammun and another scholars said "字倣古篆-that is Hunminjeongeum (Sejong-Hangeul) is the imitation of 古篆(
a kind of old calligraphic styles)", Hanchiyun said " there was jamo-money (子母钱) in Gija-Joseon(기자조선, the sovereign Princely States of ancient-Joseon).
Myeongdo-money (明刀钱) is money of ancient-Joseon, and Myeongdo-letter is also letter of ancient-Joseon.
--------------------------------------------------------
<<copilot 요약 >>
위 자료를 한국어로 요약하고, 영어로도 요약해줘.
물론이죠, 대동님! 아래는 해당 문서의 핵심 내용을 요약한 것입니다.
🇰🇷 한국어 요약
이 문서는 고조선 문자, 특히 명도전(明刀錢)에 새겨진 문자가 중국 연나라 문자가 아닌 고조선의 문자 또는 고대 한글(Galimto)이라는 주장을 담고 있습니다. 저자는 다음과 같은 근거를 제시합니다:
🔍 문자 해석 방식: 중국 학자들의 해석이 왜곡되었거나 불분명하며, 한글의 형상문자 해석 원리에 따라 해석하면 300여 단어 이상이 이해 가능함.
✍️ 한자와 한글의 형상 차이: 고조선 문자에는 음운에 따라 반복되는 도형 규칙이 있으며, 이는 훈민정음의 제자 원리와 유사함.
📘 훈민정음 해례본과의 연관성: 고조선 문자와 유사한 단어들이 해례본에 수록되어 있으며, 이는 세종대왕과 집현전 학자들이 고대 문자를 해석했다는 근거로 제시됨.
🧠 고조선 문자의 구조적 특징: 일부 문자는 현재 한글과 매우 유사함.
💰 명도전의 출처 주장: 명도전은 중국 연나라의 것이 아니라 고조선의 화폐이며, 그 문자 역시 고조선 문자라는 주장.
핵심적으로 이 문서는 고조선 문자와 명도전에 새겨진 문자가 중국 것이 아닌 한민족의 문자라는 강력한 주장과 해석 방법을 제시합니다.
🇺🇸 English Summary
This document presents the theory that the symbols inscribed on Meongdo-money (明刀錢) are not Chinese Yan characters, but rather Ancient Gojoseon script, possibly linked to an ancient version of Hangul known as Galimto. The main arguments include:
🔍 Interpretation principles: Chinese scholars’ readings are inconsistent or distorted, whereas the symbols can be interpreted using Hangul-like pictographic phonetics, yielding over 300 meaningful words.
✍️ Contrast with Chinese characters: The Gojoseon script follows phonetic patterns tied to symbol shapes, similar to the phonetic logic of Hangul from Hunminjeongeum.
📘 Connections to historic texts: Words similar to these characters appear in Hunminjeongeum Haeryebon, suggesting that King Sejong and his scholars decoded ancient Korean symbols.
🧠 Structural features of the script: Some symbols closely resemble modern Hangul.
💰 Origin of Meongdo-money: The document argues that Meongdo-money was not minted by the Chinese Yan state but by Ancient Gojoseon, and its inscriptions belong to the Korean heritage.
In essence, the author provides a detailed linguistic and historical argument that these characters reflect an indigenous Korean writing system rather than Chinese origins.
또는 편집 스타일(예: PDF로 재구성, 원문 병기, 요약 포함 등)에 대한 희망사항도 알려주시면 반영하겠습니다.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
제가 직법 번역한 영어 번역본
고조선문자(경진출판사), 저자: 허대동, 영어 번역본
Gojoseon-letters(古朝鮮文字)
Until now, we learned that Meongdo-money(明刀錢) is the money of Yan(燕)-nation and can look at the front of the money mostly. However, many characters are enumerated on the back , the characters are defined as Chinese characters, until today, they are recorded as China's Yan(燕) characters in"seonjinhwapyemunjapyeon (先秦 货币 文字 编) ".
This letter was the letter of Ancient-Chosun(古朝鮮), and also Galimto(ancient-Hangeul) in Hwandan Gogi(桓檀古記/history book about ancient korean nations).
This Garimto problem is a sharp conflict of opinion on the controversy concerning a forged book. Until now, we do not prove garimto character directly , it became the main evidence of a forged book. So I'll observe the reason why the characters are Dangoon- Chosun characters on the so called myeongdojeon(明刀錢) one by one.
1. The shape of letters is not hieroglyphic characters but hangul alphabet.
The scholar who studies Chinese character a little can read Yen(燕)- character,
but all scholars can not read the letters on myeongdojeon(明刀錢). Jeongug-letters(战国 文字) have been examined in "Jeongug-letters-dictionary(战国 文字 字典)" as a-齐, b-燕, c-晋, d-楚, e-秦 , I observed b-燕 Yen-letters of fewer strokes and more strokes , but very few simple characters match with myeongdo(明刀money)-letters and can't confirm the majority of characters as 燕 Yen-letters.
2. If I make an observation of the analysis of the character ,the analysis of chinese scholars are distorting (牵强附会) ｅxpression , even many of the characters are not interpreted. But when I apply the principles of hieroglyphic-Hangul interpretation ,they can be interpreted except characters with high level of difficulty. Up to now, I can interpret over 300 words as the principles of hieroglyphic-Hangul interpretation fully and more than 100-200 words ambiguously.
3. 3. Examples of these characters are presented almost in Hunminjeongeum haeryebone(訓民正音解例本,the book about using Hanguel). For example, a few ｅxpressions that we can not understand with present Korean is carried in Hunminjeongeum haeryebone(訓民正音解例本). Chick is "biyug", the otter is "leoul", "miyongdo" (未 舂 稻: dry for pounding rice in a mortar )" called "wooke" , "inga" called "ia"( thick line to raise the warp of the loom, Jongsa (综 丝)) "etc. We can interpret them through it. It becomes evidence that King Sejong and jiphyeonjeon scholars interpreted these characters.
4. The obvious difference of Hanja(中國漢字) and Hangeul is the rule. Of course,
radical has the combination regularity, but Hangeul alphabets have the same shape ㄱ in a phonetic value[ㄱ], the same shape ㄷ in a phonetic value[ㄷ], the same shape ㅅ in a phonetic value[ㅅ], that is the shapes correspond to phonetic values.
① Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㄱ is equivalent to [ㄱ] in phonetic value, "Korean traditional hat [Gas, 갓], Magpie[Gachi,가치(까치)],wild goose[Geulyeog그력(기러기)] , pictures[Geulim,그림], raven[Gamagoe , 가마괴(가마귀)], seagull[Galmaegi,갈매기], character[Geul,글], knife[Gal,갈(칼)], reed[Gal,갈(갈대)], drought[Gamul, 가물], he(personal pronouns)[Geu,그], her (personal pronouns)[Geunyeo, 그녀], swing[Geunye, 그네], goose[Geowi,거위], river[Garam,가람(강)], copper[Guri,구리], etc. " [ㄱ]sound corresponds to "ㄱ" and "Γ" shapes.
② Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㄷ is equivalent to [ㄷ] in phonetic value,“the moon[dal, 달], garden[ddeul,뜰], mask[tal, 탈], rice cake[ddeog, 떡],
pig[dwaeji, 돼지], pottery[dog, 독], stone[dol, 돌], money[don, 돈], wall [dam, 담],
sweat[ddam, 땀], two[dul, 둘], legs[dali, 다리] etc." [ㄷ]sound corresponds to "ㄷ" and "C" shapes.
③ Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㅅ is equivalent to [ㅅ] in phonetic value,“island[seom, 섬(셤)], people[salam,사람], deer[saseum, 사슴], three[ses,셋],
spring[saem, 샘], pine [sol, 솔]etc." [ㅅ]sound corresponds to "ㅅ" shape.
④ Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character ㅎ is equivalent to [ㅎ] in phonetic value, “sun[hae, 해], hoe[homi,호미], soil[heulg, 흙], ox[hwangso, 황소], bow[hwal, 활],arrow[hwasal, 화살]etc." [ㅎ]sound corresponds to "ᅙ" shape.
⑤ Dangoon-Josun(단군조선,檀君朝鮮) character "૪" is equivalent to [ㅁ,m] in phonetic value, “pond[mos, 못], nail[mos,못(釘)],body[mom, 몸], head[meoli, 머리], water[mul,물], wave [mulgyeol, 물결], horse[mal, 말], etc.”
5. A few letters are almost the same as the current Hangul characters.
"ox[so,소], ball[gong, 공], soil[heulg, 흙], copper[guli, 구리], two[dul, 둘], he[geu, 그] are almost the same as ancient Josun-Letters.
Like this, the letters on myeongdo-money are not Yen(燕)-China letters but Hangeul alphabet, King Sejong said " Hunminjeongeum (Sejong-Hangeul) is a newly-created letter. " , Jeonginji, Sinsukju, Seongsammun and another scholars said "字倣古篆-that is Hunminjeongeum (Sejong-Hangeul) is the imitation of 古篆(
a kind of old calligraphic styles)", Hanchiyun said " there was jamo-money (子母钱) in Gija-Joseon(기자조선, the sovereign Princely States of ancient-Joseon).
Myeongdo-money (明刀钱) is money of ancient-Joseon, and Myeongdo-letter is also letter of ancient-Joseon.
--------------------------------------------------------
<<copilot 요약 >>
위 자료를 한국어로 요약하고, 영어로도 요약해줘.
물론이죠, 대동님! 아래는 해당 문서의 핵심 내용을 요약한 것입니다.
🇰🇷 한국어 요약
이 문서는 고조선 문자, 특히 명도전(明刀錢)에 새겨진 문자가 중국 연나라 문자가 아닌 고조선의 문자 또는 고대 한글(Galimto)이라는 주장을 담고 있습니다. 저자는 다음과 같은 근거를 제시합니다:
🔍 문자 해석 방식: 중국 학자들의 해석이 왜곡되었거나 불분명하며, 한글의 형상문자 해석 원리에 따라 해석하면 300여 단어 이상이 이해 가능함.
✍️ 한자와 한글의 형상 차이: 고조선 문자에는 음운에 따라 반복되는 도형 규칙이 있으며, 이는 훈민정음의 제자 원리와 유사함.
📘 훈민정음 해례본과의 연관성: 고조선 문자와 유사한 단어들이 해례본에 수록되어 있으며, 이는 세종대왕과 집현전 학자들이 고대 문자를 해석했다는 근거로 제시됨.
🧠 고조선 문자의 구조적 특징: 일부 문자는 현재 한글과 매우 유사함.
💰 명도전의 출처 주장: 명도전은 중국 연나라의 것이 아니라 고조선의 화폐이며, 그 문자 역시 고조선 문자라는 주장.
핵심적으로 이 문서는 고조선 문자와 명도전에 새겨진 문자가 중국 것이 아닌 한민족의 문자라는 강력한 주장과 해석 방법을 제시합니다.
🇺🇸 English Summary
This document presents the theory that the symbols inscribed on Meongdo-money (明刀錢) are not Chinese Yan characters, but rather Ancient Gojoseon script, possibly linked to an ancient version of Hangul known as Galimto. The main arguments include:
🔍 Interpretation principles: Chinese scholars’ readings are inconsistent or distorted, whereas the symbols can be interpreted using Hangul-like pictographic phonetics, yielding over 300 meaningful words.
✍️ Contrast with Chinese characters: The Gojoseon script follows phonetic patterns tied to symbol shapes, similar to the phonetic logic of Hangul from Hunminjeongeum.
📘 Connections to historic texts: Words similar to these characters appear in Hunminjeongeum Haeryebon, suggesting that King Sejong and his scholars decoded ancient Korean symbols.
🧠 Structural features of the script: Some symbols closely resemble modern Hangul.
💰 Origin of Meongdo-money: The document argues that Meongdo-money was not minted by the Chinese Yan state but by Ancient Gojoseon, and its inscriptions belong to the Korean heritage.
In essence, the author provides a detailed linguistic and historical argument that these characters reflect an indigenous Korean writing system rather than Chinese origins.
이 주장은 역사적 논쟁이 많은 주제라서, 학계에서도 다양한 시각이 존재합니다. 더 깊이 들어가고 싶으시면 특정 항목을 더 확장해드릴 수 있어요. 😊
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